The Fundamentals of College Paper Revealed

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Who Is A Soldier Refuse An Illegal Or Unjust Order

Soldiers take on the role of Soldiers and accept certain norms or obedience to authority, and many in the lower ranks take the position that obeying orders are a part of their duties that must be carried out, without question. There are instances when Soldiers must face virtues such as courage, which would be a principal virtue of any Soldier. One moral dilemma and a question that may arise, is should a Soldier refuse an illegal or unjust order given by his/her superiors? Some Soldiers pursuant to the dictates of their consciences, refuse to follow orders that are in direct conflict to their virtues and what may be possible illegal or unjust based on their ethical merit. There are Soldiers who would follow orders without culpability regardless if the outcome would have been beneficial or otherwise. One must remember that there are serious risk and consequences when Soldiers choose not to follow orders of their superiors and it rests on a Soldier’s understanding of what is illegal or unjust and immoral or moral. Kant is responsible for the most prominent and well-known form of deontological ethics. Kant’s moral theory is based on his view of the human being as having the unique capacity for rationality. Mitcham states that, â€Å"deontologists focus on the rightness of an act and not on what results from the act. Right action may end up being pleasant or unpleasant for the agent, may meet with approval or condemnation from others, and may produce pleasure, riches,Show MoreRelated The My Lai Massacre Essay2713 Words   |  11 Pagesinstructions for the soldiers were. Even with these contradictions the results are obvious. The question that must be posed is whether these results make the American soldiers involved that day â€Å"guilty†. There is the fact that the environment of the Vietnam War made it very confusing to the soldiers exactly who the enemy was, as well as providing a pent up frustration due to the inability to even en gage in real combat with the enemy. If this is the case though, why did some soldiers with the same frustrationsRead MoreMy Lai Massacre2751 Words   |  12 Pagesinstructions for the soldiers were. Even with these contradictions the results are obvious. The question that must be posed is whether these results make the American soldiers involved that day guilty. There is the fact that the environment of the Vietnam War made it very confusing to the soldiers exactly who the enemy was, as well as providing a pent up frustration due to the inability to even engage in real combat with the enemy. If this is the case though, why did some soldiers with the same frustrationsRead MoreWhat I Have Learned From Watching Blood Diamond And Babel2113 Words   |  9 Pagesrelevant to them at that given moment. Very rarely do we stop and think about how our actions affect someone in another part of the world, and even more rarely do we care. Every once in a while we donate, send our prayers over F acebook, or rally against unjust treatment and terrorism. However, what I have learned from watching Blood Diamond and Babel is that more often than not, we unknowingly contribute to the very instances we seek to fight against. Every action we do, especially in affluent countriesRead MoreEuthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide3099 Words   |  12 Pagesalways wrong, except of course in wartime situations or when the state has to use force in policing and maintaining order. Their views are based on the Bible or other sacred writings as well as strongly-held religious traditions and convictions, and therefore are not going to change quickly or easily. According to the U.S. Supreme Court, assisted suicide is not a right, and it remains illegal in most states. Liberal Oregon is one exception to this rule, and even though its law permitting PAS was challengedRead MoreRacism As Poor Treatment Of Or Violence4883 Words   |  20 Pagesthinking and understanding we now know that this is truly not the case. Even in today s society we still have a racial bias towards groups of people. In a classic study a group of people were shown a photograph with a white man fighting another white man who had a knife. After shown the photograph people were able to identify the correct person wielding the knife. When shown another photograph of a white man with a knife and a black man unarmed most people answered the black man had the knife, this wasRead MoreLegal Studies8128 Words   |  33 Pagesmay become legal, or have been legal, at another. Most crimes are created by two judgements they are morals and ethics. however this is not always the case. quicky example a person has first aid another person gets run over by car that first person refuses to help, and in australia they are not required to help assistance , but society on the other hand would judge that at ethnically wrong no the right thing to do. One feature of criminal law is the belief that all of society is the vitcim, this criminalRead MoreNational Security Outline Essay40741 Words   |  163 Pagesï » ¿TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR NSL READING CHAPTER 1: National Security Law and the Role of Tipson 1 CHAPTER 2: Theoretical approaches to national security world order 4 CHAPTER 3: Development of the International Law of Conflict Management 5 CHAPTER 4: The Use of Force in International Relations: Norms Concerning the Initiation of Coercion (JNM) 7 CHAPTER 5: Institutional Modes of Conflict Management 17 The United Nations System 17 Proposals for Strengthening Management Institutional ModesRead MoreSubstance Abuse15082 Words   |  61 PagesWHAT IS MEANT BY DRUG DEPENDENCY? Drug dependence is a situation where an addict feels he/she must have drugs in order to live; this is the term to describe psychological dependence. Physical dependence occurs when the body metabolism adapts to the presence of the drugs, when the drug is removed strong withdrawal symptoms are produced. This withdrawal syndrome is experienced as sickness, stomach upset and muscular pain. Hallucinations and convulsions may also occur. EXPLAIN WHY ALCOHOL IS ARead MoreOrdinance Act Poland56376 Words   |  226 Pagesupon acknowledgement of submission, to a tax authority or to an information technology support unit of the tax administration; 2) posted in a Polish postal establishment of a public operator or filed with a Polish consular office; 3) filed by a soldier or member of crew of a sea-going vessel with the commanders of the military unit or with the captain of the vessel; 4) filed by a person deprived of liberty with the penal institution’s administration; 5) filed by an arrested person with the administrationRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesbegan in 1914. That conflict determined the contours of the twentieth century in myriad ways. On the one hand, the war set in motion transformative processes that were clearly major departures from those that defined the nineteenth-century world order. On the other, it perversely unleashed forces that would undermine Western world dominance and greatly constrict the forces advancing globalization, both of which can be seen as hallmarks of the opening decades of the twentieth century. This intermingling

Project Plan On Oral Health Care - Click For Sample

Question: Prepare a detailed project plan for an innovation in chronic disease health education, promotion, prevention or management for an Australian community. Explore how you anticipate it will improve health outcomes for the chosen community. Answer: This essay will detail a project plan for an innovation in chronic disease health education, promotion, prevention and management for an Australian community. The essay will also explore whether this plan will improve health outcomes for the chosen community. Chronic disease is said to be a condition of human health that is constant and enduring in its consequences. Generally, in medical science a disease is termed as chronic when the duration of that disease resides for more than three months. Common such diseases are COPD, asthma, oral disease, arthritis, cancer and so on (Smith, 2005). Characteristics of chronic diseases are various risk factors, complicated casualty, long dormancy phase, prolonged illness course, functional destruction. The AIHW data has presented that almost 1in2 children of 12years of age had tooth decay in their permanent teeth, which represent a major issue in Australia (Aihw.gov.au, 2015). This healthcare project plan hence concentrated on the oral health of the teenagers in Australia. For successful planning and implementation the author has focused on local level engagement in terms of initial step towards an improvement chronic disease health education, promotion, prevention and management for an Australian community. This plan will include a specific health message, a health promotion prevention or management plan that is community focused, individual target group for the health project and health outcomes for this plan. The health project plan includes ten steps. Talking to the target community, recognizing concern areas and need assessment, identification of target group, recognizing networks, partners and stakeholders, writing up plan, main massages, resources, election of communication media, developing a timeline and budget and finally the evaluation of this project plan (Chew, Carter, Rankin, Boyden Egan, 2010). Commuting with the community The selected community for this project plan is Australian indigenous and Torres Strait Islander community. Getting involved with this community as part of implementation and development of a project plan is critical. Communicating with this community and establishment of a strong relationship with these people is essential for a successful completion of the project. Most areas across Australia have as a minimum one local indigenous and Torres Strait Islander association. Communicating with this local organization is important primary step. The local organizations with whom the communication can be established are community controlled health service, cultural centre, language centre, community council, independent school, media organization, legal service, womens resource centers, government agencies and sport clubs. Research To start the project planning one should perform some research in order to recognize health issues associated with research within the community. Research prior to a project plan will help to obtain information to share with community people and assist to illustrate why this health project is required. It will also help to get funding and other sources one needs to run the project. It will help to research more regarding the issue and also help one to address the associated complication. The research need to be carried out in few steps. These are holding a meeting, talking to individuals, talking to small groups, literature review of already existing research and talking to local health personnel or doctors. The researcher can hold a community meeting, for instance womens health group to discuss the health issues associated with oral health (Vozza, 2014). To get proper answers the researcher should discover what the community people think regarding the issue or how much they are awar e of the issue. During the meeting the researcher should take notes. It may also happen that few people feel uncomfortable with communicating in groups, so in that case, the researcher can speak with them individually. The interviewer should ask them about the oral health complications and jot down the important points come out from the conversation. Organizing people from same target audience, here the teenagers, I one of the good concession between communicating to individual people and a large group. In this case, the participants are less likely to feel shy among the similar age group people. Immense prior research in terms of literature review is essential to carry out into chronic diseases in indigenous and Torres Strait Islander people and also how to perform the activities associated with health promotion. These health endorsement activities should be carried out along with the local indigenous and Torres Strait Islander health care professionals or the service providers (De Mattei, Allen Goss, 2012). Commuting with the local doctors, health personnel, registered nurses will always provide a good understanding of the oral health issues. To carry out the research the researcher should concentrate on certain questions like: what are the complications are present associated with oral health? Which problem one needs to focus on urgent basis? Whether it is sensible to do something regarding the issues? Whether some activities have already been performed regarding the issue? To carry out this project what are the problems the researchers may come across? What are the ways to tackle these complications? Whether the researcher has community support? With the support of this question the researcher will be able to make a decision which health issue the researcher is going to deal with, for instance: encouraging regular oral health check up. After analyzing all these issues the researcher should entitled the project with a name. This name will assist the communi ty to identify the project more easily. Target group Identification of the target group is important. This is because the researchers are working hard on the project to develop the wellbeing and health of the community. It is important to take proper time in order to ensure that the researcher is clear regarding who they want to hear to their health promotional messages. The target audience will be decided based on few questions, like: who will get the benefit from the health message? Who can influence the target audience? With health care projects focused on childrens health, the health care providers or the parents are the primary target audience as they take decisions which affect the childrens health. Nevertheless, the decision making may depend upon the childrens age and health issues the researcher is trying to deal with. Stakeholders, networks and partners Prior one write up the project plan, it is essential to recognize the stakeholders, networks and partners. This is because these people help the research with the project and need to be engaged with the process of planning upfront. Stakeholders within the community can influence the behavior of the primary and secondary audiences. To successful completion of the project improving partnerships and network are of utmost importance. These can be a low cost manner to extend the resources expertise research and budget of the project and provide it more integrity (Collins, Fair, Dickinson Peacock, 2009). Few potential partners who can help in this project plan are health care organizations who have already carried out similar projects, local governments, aboriginal engagement officers, schools, youth clubs and local media. Structuring project goal The goal is what the researcher is trying to accomplish. Goal: to increase awareness of the oral health checkup benefits and encourage visiting doctors for routine check-ups. Objective: in the upcoming year the aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander teenagers will be double in number for their oral checkups. The project goal, objective and strategies should follow the SMART format to ensure the overall plan is accountable. SMART represents the following parameters of the project: Specificity, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time limited Activities to support doctor visits may include develop community radio programs or plays regarding the issue, such as: oral health complications like plaque formation, painful sensations, tooth decay and how to prevent these complications. This type of dramas could feature community people and formed in association with local aboriginal media groups (Liaw et al., 2011). Key messages can be integrated into the plots through individual character offering advice to other or by demonstrating what takes place if youngsters ignore to live a healthy lifestyle. In association with local doctors or health services and aboriginal media groups the researchers can also arrange community days to support health checkups. Key messages Key messages are used to support positive change in behavior of the communities and family members. Having an oral health check up can prevent one getting sick Better health builds stronger communities Translation of the key messages into local languages is important as this have more significance to people. Resources Mostly people need endorsement for successful completion of the project. Resources are the important part of the project. The resources may include products, equipments, materials and people. People include team members, the number of team members, who will deal with which part of the project, who will be responsible for the administration part and so on. The researcher should also concentrate on the venue selection, for example: whether it is easy to find a venue, whether seasons have impacts, the cost associated with the venue, whether the venue will be comfortable for the target audience, whether there is a transportation issue and so on. Materials and equipments for the project include computers, scanners, printers, video cameras, stationeries. Products include posters, leaflets, table, and chairs and so on. Choosing commutation media Selection of communication media is very important as it is considered as the best way to reach to the target audience with the key messages. Selection of environment, outlets and activities are also important. The locations where one can reach to the target audience are schools, home, medical centre a community event (Mulholland, 2014). The places need to be selected where the researcher or the researchers can act on the key messages, for example: in medical centre where people can speak to the doctors, health care providers or nurses. Community meetings would be the preferable one for a successful health promotion to be carried out if the target audiences are from the indigenous and Torres Strait Islander community. This is because they find these messages more credible. Budget and timeline One should work out on the project timeline and that should include key activities, team members who are going to perform those activities and the date the researcher is expected to start and finish. To carry out a sensible budget, costs need to be estimated as precisely as possible (Matthews, 2007). This can be achieved by obtaining product quotes and services, exploring other equal projects and getting help from finance officers or who performs similar projects. Evaluation Evaluation is considered as the way of reviewing whether the project has met the objectives. It is essential to illustrate the project as this will provide a sense of accomplishment and also assist the researcher to carry out ways to develop the research study for subsequent time or help other members to become skilled at the health associated aspects while structuring individual projects. In this study the researcher can follow qualitative evaluation approaches which are regarding how well the activity was delivered by the researcher and received by the target audience (Killen, 2013). It depends on people conveying their opinion and thoughts, how individual engage with this project, how these target audience felt about performing the activity and what are the other ways the researcher can perform this in a better way in near future. Impact and consequence assessment are significant in health promotion planning and provide support to different programs at different parts in the progr am. The assessment or evaluation of this project should be correlated with the set up goal and the objectives of the project plan. Assessment would commonly associate with evaluating instant effects of the project and corresponds with the assessment or measurement of the project objectives. For example assessment will check whether there is a change in number of youngsters who visit the doctors for regular oral health checkups. This essay has detailed a project plan for an innovation in oral health care education, promotion, prevention and management for indigenous and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia. This essay also explored whether this project will improve the health consequences of youngsters of the aboriginal and Torres Strait islander community. References Aihw.gov.au,. (2015).Dental and oral health (AIHW). Retrieved 15 January 2015. Chew, D., Carter, R., Rankin, B., Boyden, A., Egan, H. (2010). Cost effectiveness of a general practice chronic disease management plan for coronary heart disease in Australia. Collins, E., Fair, N., Dickinson, A., Peacock, K. (2009). Collaboration between primary and secondary/tertiary services in oral health. DeMattei, R., Allen, J., Goss, B. (2012). A Service-Learning Project to Eliminate Barriers to Oral Care for Children With Special Health Care Needs. Killen, C. (2013). Evaluation of project interdependency visualizations through decision scenario experimentation.International Journal Of Project Management. Liaw, S., Lau, P., Pyett, P., Furler, J., Burchill, M., Rowley, K., Kelaher, M. (2011). Successful chronic disease care for Aboriginal Australians requires cultural competence.Australian And New Zealand Journal Of Public Health. Matthews, A. (2007). Project Profile: Trust Systems for Regional Healthcare.Healthcare Quarterly. Mulholland, K. (2014). Can the use of a social media and SMS based information platforms be used to improve the healthcare in Thailand?.Journal Of Facilities Management. Smith, J. (2005).Educating to improve population health outcomes in chronic disease. Darwin: Menzies School of Health Research. Vozza, I. (2014). A multimedia oral health promoting project in primary schools in central Italy.

To What Extent Is Language the Most Important Way of Knowing Essay Example

To What Extent Is Language the Most Important Way of Knowing? Essay To what extent is language the most important way of knowing? To answer this question, let us first define language and knowledge. Language is any system of formalized symbols, signs, sounds, gestures, or the like used or conceived as a means of communicating. 1While knowledge is a justified true belief. In my opinion, language is an important way of knowing; however it is not the most important. Language is not restricted to merely words, it encompasses actions as well. Without it, how can we communicate and thus obtain knowledge. We often acquire knowledge from books, teachings and actions. With that in mind, let us ask ourselves: What would we understand from these if there were no language in the world? Nothing. However, language is biased. Who is to say whether a person is a terrorist or freedom fighter, after all, the definitions of these two words are similar, but their connotations are different. It may be argued that language is only one of the four ways of knowing, however, I would like to emphasize that language is the basis of emotion, reason and perception. People may say that we can infer happiness from a smile; and sadness from a frown, however, as mentioned earlier, isn’t the smile or frown an action, a language? Another example of language controlling emotion would be where we are able to derive sorrow from the phrase â€Å"I am sorry for your loss†. On the other hand, emotions could have control over language. When we are angry, we would use certain different words as compared to when we are happy. This means that we emotions control the use of words, in contrast to the earlier view that we use words to express different emotions. We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Is Language the Most Important Way of Knowing? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Is Language the Most Important Way of Knowing? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Is Language the Most Important Way of Knowing? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Language is used to perceive. For example, people are shown three pictures, one of a man about to kick a ball, one of the same man having just kicked a ball, and a third of a different man who is about to kick a ball. They are then asked which two of the three are the most similar. Indonesians generally choose the first two pictures, which have the same man in them, while English speakers are likely to identify the two pictures that show the ball about to be kicked—an emphasis on the chronological, rather than the spatial, relationship between the principal objects in the picture. However, in different languages the divides between, say, red and pink may be different, but this does not imply that people speaking different languages do not perceive the difference between a darker pink and a lighter pink. Through this, we can see that humans are capable to perceive the objective world overcoming the biases that language may impose. The 19th century German Philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt claimed that language was directly connected to thinking. 3 I agree with his claim. We are born with the gift of language. Even people without the five senses possess some form of language relative to their own existence. To be able to reason, we need to think, thus we need a medium in which to think, language provides this. For example, in mathematics, we use symbols to logic out the problem and deduce the result. These symbols are forms of language. Conversely, language is biased, thus it may cloud reason. Through perception of language, we may have preference for one thing compared to another. For instance, a biased claim such as â€Å"Jimmy Carter is a bigot†4 is full of fallacies, such as the red herring fallacy and the appeal to emotions and novelty. These fallacies defy reason hence are not knowledge. To conclude, I feel that language is a good attempt to link the ways of knowing together, however, it is not without its drawbacks, thus it as yet cannot be considered the most important way of knowing. 1: http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/language 2: http://cognation. stanford. edu/press/economist/ 3: http://www. physicsforums. com/archive/index. php/t-27551. html 4: news. yahoo. com/s/ap/20080425/ap_on_re_us/un_israeli_ambassador

Into the Wild essays

Into the Wild essays The Life and Death That Is Meant To Be All his life, he acted out in such way that he was in the system that surrounded the society, but never doubts his inner calls from the nature, rendered in his blood. Chris McCandless started his journey long before the summer of 1990. He was an adventurer by his fathers side, which was one of the reasons for leaving the urban life. All planed long ago. His journey after the high school graduation proved him right that there was a cure for his inner calls. He discovered how wildlife gave him the freedom he needed. He maybe thought journey would lift him up where he wanted to be, away from the corrupted system in which all try to take a stand. His rage and vision through the system showed itself before by protesting against world hunger. His passionate columns in the university paper shout out his divorce from the life. Neither his family, nor his friends could have figure his plans, because his well-thought plan led them not to. They, who knew him or even get crossed by him, couldn't stress enough that he was a smart, hard-working, and honest man, whom they enjoyed and accepted his company. If he ever wanted to keep himself in the system, which he was more than qualified so; he could. He could even reach greatest heights as he did before the summer of 1990. But he saw the world as black and white, thus there were only one right against the wrong, so he chose exile. He founded his happiness by living in the wild. He used "itchy feet" as a term to explain the need to feel earth underneath, move through the unknown, and see the wonders of the Mother Nature that are long forgotten or lost its importance. He loved it, he lived by it, and he knew he was home. As a human being, he couldn't resist the need for social attractions, intellectual conversations, and the soft feeling of binding with people into some extend. So he made short affairs, just short enough not to let the time bri...

Summary of Recent Research 8 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary of Recent Research 8 - Assignment Example history, ulcer history, physical activities, the nutritional preventive measures and the psychosocial measures applied during their illness was collected. The findings indicated that preventive activities coupled with social support prevented the recurrence of the leg ulcer (Finlayson, Edwards & Courtney, 2011). Multiple regression models were applied, where the survival analysis technique was applied to elicit the relationship between the preventive activities and the social support offered, to the survival and non-recurrence of the leg ulcer in the individuals. This was followed by the application of the Cox proportional-hazards regression model, which evaluated the influence of preventive activities and the psychosocial factors on time lapse before the recurrence (Berger, Shuster & Roenn, 2006). The findings of the study is statistically significant, since they indicated the out of the 80 individuals who participated, 35 of them had an ulcer recurrence, with 22 of them being those who lacked adequate preventive practices and social support (Alexander & Matthews, 2010). Finlayson, K., Edwards, H. & Courtney, M. (2011) Relationships between preventive activities, psychosocial factors and recurrence of venous leg ulcers: a prospective study. Journal of Advanced Nursing 67(10),

Setting the stage for strategic compensation and bases for pay Term Paper

Setting the stage for strategic compensation and bases for pay - Term Paper Example Compensation Department Goals Milkovich & Newman (2005) define compensation as the financial returns and benefits employees receive from employer in order to achieve a positive relationship between employer and employee. It is geared at enhancing employee’s performance and organizational effectiveness and consequently competitive advantage in the labor market. The compensation department is part human resource department as it is concerned with employee base pay and benefits administration.The main goals of the department are to attract, motivate and retain talented employees in the organization. To achieve these goals, an organization needs to align its compensation objectives with organization objectives (Ledford & Heneman, 2002). To attract high quality talent, its pay has to be competitive in the market. The compensation department carries out surveys to determine what the other organizations are offering for similar tasks and pay the same amount or higher than the competi tors. The salary should reflect the value of the job being performed for an employee to be satisfied (Heneman, 2002).If the compensation an employee receives is not equivalent to the task performed or is not equivalent to what others performing similar tasks in the organization or in the job market, then the employee loses morale or is demotivated leading to poor performance and loss of productivity for the organization hence the compensation system should be internally equitable and externally competitive (Bohlander & Snell, 2010). Through job evaluation, salary structure and performance management systems, an organization can be able to motivate and retain high performing employees. Ledford & Heneman (2002) argue that performance appraisals can be used to justify increased pay rate (413). Higher pay rates then enable the organization to set high selection standards thus recruit better qualified employees. To retain the employees, the organization can offer pay based on performance or the currently new system of pay for skills (Bohlander & Snell, 2010). However, motivation depends on the value of rewards achieved after achieving the set standards or after good performance thus the rewards should be motivating so as to direct behavior towards high performance. Contextual Influence That Pose Greatest Challenge and One That Poses Least Challenge to Companies’ Competitiveness Organizations strive to achieve competitive advantage through its compensation system. According to Cardy & Leonard (2011), company gains competitiveness if its pay is fair compared to what is offered by other organizations. This can be achieved by developing strategies aimed at ensuring it remains competitive in the market such as cost leadership and differentiation. A strategic analysis of the internal capabilities and external market environment is required to establish the challenges to organizations competitive ability. Organizations attain efficiency by operating at low cost whi le at the same time producing high quality products. This has an implication on its inputs since the cost of production is determined by cost of inputs such as labor, capital and land. To attain efficiency, it thus has to ensure maximum utilization of its resources; in this case its employee skills, knowledge and interests. The competitiveness of the company is however challenged by various contextual factors such as; employment laws, labor unions, market influences and social factors. These factors affect compensation practice and consequently competitiveness (Milkovich & Newman, 2005). The employment laws may pose a great challenge to compensation practices. The wage laws determine the minimum and maximum wages an employee can receive and prohibit employment discrimination. If an employee perceives a practice such as performance pay or skill based pay as discriminatory, he/she can claim discrimination allegation. The base pay for employees performing